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National Defense > Blog > Posts > Congress to Defense Industry: We Can't Save You
Congress to Defense Industry: We Can't Save You
By Sandra I. Erwin

Defense hawks on Capitol Hill have tried for months to pressure congressional leaders to call off the dreaded deficit-reduction law that mandates automatic budget cuts of $1.2 trillion — half for defense — over the next decade. Pro-defense Republicans on the House Armed Services Committee held hearings, hosted town hall meetings and posted videos on YouTube.

Nothing has worked, conceded a panel of lawmakers speaking to industry executives and investors June 21 at the Bloomberg Government Defense Conference, in Washington, D.C.

The political factions are so far apart that the chances of averting the so-called budget sequester before year’s end are slim to none, said Rep. James P. Moran, D-Va., who sits on the House Appropriations Committee.

“We're not talking,” Moran said. “There isn’t a deal in hand.”

House Republicans have ruled out raising tax revenues to partially offset the cuts. And Democrats have drawn a hard line against protecting the defense budget at the expense of social services or food stamps.

It’s time to face the reality that the political process has reached a dead end, said Rep. J. Randy Forbes, R-Va., chairman of the House Armed Services Committee’s readiness subcommittee.

Politicians’ tired buzzwords such as “let’s be bipartisan … let’s put everything on the table” are pointless, said Forbes. “Regardless of what you put on the table, right now we don’t have a table.”

The defense industry — which has lobbied intensively against the cuts, arguing that they will trigger massive layoffs and weaken the U.S. economy — is going to have to be even more aggressive, said Rep. Peter Welch, D-Vt., chief deputy whip and member of the Homeland Defense and Foreign Operations Committee’s national security subcommittee.

Budget problems that should be solvable are now caught in a pitched ideological battle, and even the threat of losing defense industry jobs is not enough to end the standoff in Washington, Welch said.

Defense companies need to fight harder, he said. “The defense community has more credibility” than other sectors, Welch told the Bloomberg conference. “You’re in all of our districts, [you provide] real jobs, people want to support a strong defense posture. You guys have to go big, go bold. That’s my view.”

As if the news for defense contractors weren’t bad enough, panelists noted, efforts to ward off defense cuts also face a steep public relations battle as Americans become increasingly disengaged from the budget debate.

“When you talk to the public, there’s a glaze that comes across people's eyes when you use the word sequestration, so we stopped using it,” said Forbes. But it is not clear that even the more people-friendly term, massive defense cuts, gets the message across, he said. “This is a political crisis.”

Although sequestration would amount to about a 10 percent reduction from the defense budget next year, the pain would be borne disproportionately by Pentagon contractors because President Obama already directed that all personnel accounts be exempt from the automatic cuts. Congress also has moved to shelter war funds from sequester. The upshot is that the portion of the budget that is not being protected — mainly procurement of new equipment, research and development — will see a 15 percent cut, said Dov S. Zakheim, a former Pentagon comptroller and a senior advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.

Weapon modernization and combat readiness are not high priorities, he lamented. “We’re on track to spend more on veterans than on active military in the next few years.”

Zakheim echoed other panelists’ pessimistic outlook. “I don’t think this Congress can cut a deal,” he said. “If it could it would have done it by now.”

Defense industry can’t even count on the support of defense hawks such as Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., who opposes the automatic cuts but continues to call for the termination of big-ticket military programs such as the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, the USS Ford aircraft carrier and the Littoral Combat Ship.

These three programs alone are tens of billions of dollars over budget, McCain groused. “The American people should be far more angry than they are.” The biggest problem for Pentagon today is not budget cuts but the acquisition system, McCain said. “Once a program reaches a certain point and has enough constituencies around the country you cant’ stop it. Some of these programs need to be stopped.”

The culture is riven with corruption, said McCain. “We have a revolving door between Pentagon and industry. … There is an environment where overruns are not a major concern.”

McCain has joined Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., to draft bipartisan legislation that would compel the Obama administration to articulate in detail in the coming weeks the impact of sequestration cuts, both for defense and non-defense programs.

In their fight against sequestration, defense industry leaders have pointed out that the more troublesome issue for contractors are not budget cuts per se, but that fact that the Pentagon is not planning for the reductions and has not provided any clues on what programs might be targeted once the ax falls.

“There is no guidance,” said Brett B. Lambert, deputy assistant secretary of defense for manufacturing and industrial base policy.

He recognized that, amid the uncertainty, “people gravitate to the most negative behaviors.”

Lambert’s comments suggested that the Pentagon is not overly alarmed by the prospect of suppliers going out of business or choosing to exit the defense market as a result of the spending cutbacks.

“[Companies] are part of an economic structure,” Lambert said. “My fiduciary responsibility is to the taxpayer and the war fighter. Theirs is to the shareholder.” Lambert’s office is studying potential “points of failure” in the supplier chain, but only will act to protect a vendor if the product it provides is absolutely essential and cannot be obtained elsewhere.

After 10 years of rapid spending growth and with wars winding down, the industry has to shrink, said Gordon Adams, a former White House budget official and currently professor of international relations at American University.

A fear-mongering campaign about loss of jobs is purely political theater, he said. “We are in a defense builddown.” Sequester is poor fiscal policy, but “it’s not the end of the world.”

Lambert, in an attempt to lighten the somber mood in the audience, compared the budget crisis to Thelma and Louise. “It’s a great movie. But it ends poorly.”

Comments

Re: Congress to Defense Industry: We Can't Save You

The folks in Washington D.C. need not worry about defense industry jobs, they need to start worrying about their own jobs.  The real failure is that there is no budget.  The lack of bi-partisan cooperation on something as basic as paying the bills is absolutely unforgivable.  If any of us in the defense industry or military performed our jobs and carried out our responsibilities to the American taxpayers in such a sorry manner we would be fired.  If our representatives can't do their jobs, earn the paycheck we are giving them, then it's time for all of them to go.  I'm a strong supporter of one political party and I will vote this November, but I will not continue to support anyone who has failed to provide us the leadership we deserve.  Sometimes that leadership means working will all the folks around us just like the rest of us have to do every day. 
Tango Hotel at 7/3/2012 10:18 AM

Re: Congress to Defense Industry: We Can't Save You

I find objectionable Deputy Assistant Secretary Lambert's statement that, in contrast to his "fiduciary responsibility to the taxpayer and the warfighter," Defense companies' fiduciary responsibility "is to the shareholder." Our companies, in fact, put the warfighter and taxpayer stakeholders well ahead of our own shareholders, all for the sake of the defense of the Nation.

To that point, Mr. Lambert's point-of-view belies a misunderstanding of why companies exist and how they operate. Introductory economics classes teach that "the objective of the entrepreneur is to maximize profit." The reality is that, on average, private companies only appear to behave that way. In reality, our shared objective is to provide Defense goods and services valued by our consumers, the warfighters. To fulfill our objective, our markets and owners constrain us to produce Defense products affordably for the taxpayers and profitably for our shareholders. If we were slavish to Mr. Lambert's notion that enriching our shareholders dominates our responsibilities, the Defense companies would sell recreational drugs.

But Mr. Lambert also fails to appreciate the deep mission commitment of Defense companies and their employees. We, too, are partners in the Defense of our homes, our citizens, our forces and our Nation. We dedicate our lives and careers to that mission. Quite a few of us eschew more lucrative careers for the sake of that personal mission commitment. Increasing numbers of us now go to combat areas to provide advanced technological support to the engaged forward forces. Many of us currently and formerly served in the armed forces, and we feel compelled to aid our brothers and sisters in harm's way.

And, yes, Mr. Secretary, with all due respect, despite how well our executives manage the Defense companies for the shareholders, they generally receive an acceptable but less-than-stellar return on their capital invested in our firms.

Mr. Secretary, we know you and your superiors have impossible choices and vastly insufficient resources. But please don't frame our responsibilities so narrowly to only our shareholders. The US Defense industry is every bit as committed as you are to the warfighter and the taxpayer, and we put them ahead of our shareholders and ourselves.
Frank Grange at 7/3/2012 10:44 AM

Re: Congress to Defense Industry: We Can't Save You

Dear Mr Grange,

Whilst your company undoubtedly has members with an interest in supporting the military, please look at the bottom line of the companies account.  Look at their prospectus.  Look at the way the share price moves when an announcement is made of a new project, a progress payment, an approval for the next level, an increase in volumes consumed - then look at what the Senior Executive is paid compared to the worker on the floor, and why - and tell me the executive is not committed to obtaining a return as either money or increased value of shares for their shareholders. 

If the Senior Executive are not they will not be in their position for long.

As war like activities decrease the demand for the goods that support these activitivies should also fall - to the cynical that's why war is good for the economy and the end of war often brings an economic slowdown or depression (Napolion war - post napoleinic depression in europe, WWI led into the Great Depression, WWII in europe [Europe was assisted by a strong US economy, at that time - the US joined the war late, and was a lender, not a borrower], Britain only recently finished paying of its WWII debt to the US).  Note: China is now a major lender for funding recent US involvement in Iraq, Afghanistan.

Companies who build then come into their own during reconstruction, after war.  Nations who 'lose' wars often win the peace (Japan, Germany) as a result of sustained economic activity, plus little spending on their own defence force for a while.  The victors see it as in their own interest to stabilize the losers situation, to prevent anarchy or a rise of the threat, again (WWII, present day). WWI and the resultant WWII was an example of why this is necessary.

The leading societies exercising influence over vast areas also change over time (e.g. Greeks, Romans, Portugeese, Dutch, Japanese, French, British, USSR), so again the US must tread carefully.

Therefore a contraction in spending on new military hardware and R and D at this time, by the US, would appear prudent, given the atronomical size of the debt accrued during recent wars, to permit the US to remain a balancing force on the world stage.

Best Regards

Chris Eastaughffe
Australia
Chris Eastaughffe at 7/6/2012 5:57 AM

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